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HOME SCIENCE

(216)

Time: 2½ Hours]                                                                                                                                       [ Maximum Marks: 85

 

Note:

(i) This question paper consists of 47 questions in all.

(ii) All questions are compulsory.

(iii) Marks are given against each question.

(iv) Section – A consists of

(a) Q.No. 1 to 19 – Multiple Choice type Questions (MCQs) carrying 1 mark each. Select and write the most appropriate option out of the four options given in each of these questions. An internal choice has been provided in some of these questions. You have to attempt only one of the given choices in such questions.

(b) Q.No. 20 to 31 – Objective type questions. Attempt these questions as per the instructions given for each of the questions.

(v) Section – B consists of

(a) Q.No. 32 to 41 – Very Short Answer type questions carrying 2 marks each to be answered in the range of 30 to 50 words.

(b) Q.No. 42 to 45 – Short Answer type questions carrying 3 marks each to be answered in the range of 50 to 80 words.

(c) Q.No. 46 and 47 – Long Answer type questions carrying 5 marks each to be answered in the range of 80 to 120 words.

(1) Answers of all questions are to be given in the Answer-Book given to you. (2) 15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will be distributed at 2:15 p.m. From 2:15 p.m. to 2:30 p.m., the students will read the question paper only and will not write any answer on the Answer-Book during this period.

 SECTION – A

1. Vitamin C of vegetables gets lost when they are : 1

(i) Cut in big pieces

(ii) Washed after cutting

(iii) Cut for long before cooking

(iv) Washed before peeling

Choose the correct option.

(A) (ii) and (iii)          (B) (ii) and (iv)               (C) (iii) and (iv)              (D) (i) and (iv)

Ans. The correct answer is:
(A) (ii) and (iii)

Explanation:
Vitamin C is water-soluble and sensitive to oxidation. It gets lost when vegetables are washed after cutting and when they are cut for a long time before cooking, as exposure to air and water can lead to its degradation.

OR

Why should soda not be added for cooking pulses ?

(i) Vitamin C gets lost

(ii) Protein gets thick

(iii) Vitamin B is lost

(iv) Cooking process slows down

Choose the correct option.

(A) (ii) and (iii)          (B) (ii) and (iv)               (C) (iii) and (iv)              (D) (i) and (iii)

Ans. The correct answer is:
(D) (i) and (iii)

Explanation:
Adding soda during cooking destroys Vitamin C and Vitamin B, as these nutrients are sensitive to alkaline conditions. Therefore, soda should not be used while cooking pulses.

2. Which one of the following is a lifestyle disease ? 1

(A) Diabetes               (B) Cholera                       (C) Typhoid                      (D) Tetanus

Ans. The correct answer is:
(A) Diabetes

Explanation:

Diabetes is a lifestyle disease influenced by factors like poor diet, lack of exercise, stress, and obesity.
The other options—cholera, typhoid, and tetanus—are infectious diseases caused by bacteria or pathogens.

OR

To prevent lifestyle diseases one should not :

(A) Do exercise                              (B) Do yoga

(C) Use staircase                            (D) Eat processed foods

Ans. (D) Eat processed foods

Explanation:

To prevent lifestyle diseases, it’s important to avoid processed foods as they are high in unhealthy fats, sugar, and sodium, which can lead to obesity, diabetes, and heart problems. Regular exercise, yoga, and using stairs are healthy habits.

 

3. For how many months does a foetus remain in the mother’s womb ? 1

(A) Seven                          (B) Nine                             (C) Ten                               (D) Eight

Ans. (B) Nine

Explanation:

A typical human pregnancy lasts about nine months (or approximately 40 weeks), during which the foetus develops fully in the mother’s womb.

4. It is considered rude, if we talk in the following language : 1

(A) Language not understood by anyone in the group

(B) Language understood by all

(C) Language funny and humorous

(D) Everyone talks in this language

Ans. (A) Language not understood by anyone in the group

5. Agmark is not given to following food : 1

(A) Spices                          (B) Eggs                             (C) Oil                                 (D) Biscuits

Ans. (D) Biscuits – Agmark certification is given to agricultural products like spices, oil, and other food items to ensure quality. However, processed foods like biscuits do not fall under Agmark certification.

OR

Which standard mark will you check while buying gold ornaments?

(A) ISI MARK                                                 (B) AGMARK

(C) HALL MARK                                            (D) ECO MARK

Ans. (C) HALLMARK – Hallmark is the standard certification mark for gold and silver ornaments. It ensures the purity and quality of the metal. Other marks, like ISI, Agmark, and Eco Mark, are for different products.

6. The bananas become black after few days this is because of action of: 1

(A) Enzymes                    (B) Bacteria                      (C) Yeast                           (D) Fungus

Ans. (A) Enzymes – Bananas turn black due to the action of enzymes, particularly polyphenol oxidase, which causes enzymatic browning. This reaction happens as the banana ripens and its cells are exposed to oxygen.

OR

Which of the following food gets spoilt in a day or two ?

(A) Onions                        (B) Potatoes                     (C) Sugar                           (D) Milk

Ans. (D) Milk – Milk is a perishable food item that spoils quickly, typically within a day or two if not stored properly. Other options like onions, potatoes, and sugar have a much longer shelf life.

7. In which method food is cooked in an enclosed box under constant temperature ? 1

(A) Roasting                     (B) Grilling                       (C) Baking                        (D) Solar cooking

Ans. (C) Baking – In baking, food is cooked in an enclosed space (like an oven) under constant heat. This method is commonly used for bread, cakes, and other baked goods.

OR

Which cooking method is used to prepare pooris ?

(A) Deep frying               (B) Shallow frying          (C) Sautéing                     (D) Poaching

Ans. (A) Deep frying – Pooris are traditionally prepared by deep frying in hot oil, which causes the dough to puff up and become crispy.

8. Severe headache and dry white coated tongue could be symptoms of which disease ? 1

(A) Influenza                    (B) Malaria                       (C) Tetanus                      (D) Typhoid

Ans. (D) Typhoid – Severe headache and a dry white-coated tongue are common symptoms of typhoid fever, a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi. Other symptoms may include fever, stomach pain, and weakness.

9. The doctor diagnosed that the patient was suffering from cholera on the basis of which of these symptoms ?

(i) Cramps in legs           (ii) Rapid pulse               (iii) Watery diarrhoea                 (iv) Chest pain

Choose the best option :

(A) (i) and (iv)                 (B) (ii) and (iii)               (C) (iii) and (iv)                             (D) (i) and (iii)

Ans. (D) (i) and (iii) – The primary symptoms of cholera include watery diarrhoea and leg cramps. These symptoms are often associated with severe dehydration caused by the loss of fluids from the body. Rapid pulse may also occur but is secondary to dehydration. Chest pain is not a common symptom of cholera.

10. Which of the following statement is correct ? 1

AIDS spreads through by :

(A) By sneezing                                            (B) Infected needles

(C) By sharing toilet                                    (D) By shaking hands

Ans. (B) Infected needles – AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus, which primarily spreads through contact with infected bodily fluids, such as through infected needles, unprotected sexual contact, or from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It does not spread through sneezing, shaking hands, or sharing a toilet.

11. Your dress has a brown coloured stain on it. You have rightly identified it as that of : 1

(A) Curry                           (B) Egg                               (C) Tea                               (D) Milk

Ans. (A) Curry – Curry stains are typically brown in color due to the spices, especially turmeric, used in its preparation. These stains are often hard to remove if not treated promptly.

12. Which should be the ideal direction of a house? 1

(A) North west                (B) South west                (C) East south                  (D) North east

Ans. (D) North east – According to Vastu Shastra, the ideal direction for a house is North East. This direction is believed to bring positive energy and good fortune, making it an auspicious choice for the main entrance.

13. Which one of the following statement is incorrect ? 1 – Nios Last Year Solved Question Paper Home Science 216 Class 10

Budgeting helps to :

(A) Balance income and expenses.

(B) Manage finances of family.

(C) Priortise family needs.

(D) Meet all needs of family.

Ans. (D) Meet all needs of family

14. What is the right age to be a mother? 1

(A) Between 16 to 18 years                                                    (B) Between 20 to 35 years

(C) Between 17 to 21 years                                                    (D) Between 18 to 20 years

Ans. (B) Between 20 to 35 years – The ideal age for pregnancy is typically between 20 to 35 years. During this period, a woman’s body is physically more prepared for pregnancy and childbirth, which can reduce risks for both the mother and child.

15. Rohit wants to cook on an iron grid over the fire or between electrically heated bars. Which method is this ?

(A) Sautéing                     (B) Roasting                     (C) Baking                        (D) Grilling

Ans. (D) Grilling – Grilling involves cooking food on a grid or over bars, typically over direct heat or fire. This method is commonly used for meats, vegetables, and other foods to impart a smoky flavor and crispy texture.

16. Your friends are making posters to make people aware of noise pollution in their neighbourhood. Choose the most suitable resolution for this: 1

(A) Get the leaking taps repaired

(B) Play radio at low volume

(C) Dispose garbage safely

(D) Keep vehicle pollution free

Ans. (B) Play radio at low volume – Playing the radio at a low volume helps reduce noise pollution, which is the focus of the awareness poster. The other options are related to different types of pollution (water, waste, and air pollution) rather than noise pollution.

17. What do you understand by ‘Personal Fable’ in context to adolescents? 1

(A) Having sense of right and wrong

(B) Examining various alternatives

(C) Thinking everyone is watching them

(D) Thinking they are unique

Ans. (D) Thinking they are unique – The “Personal Fable” refers to an adolescent’s belief that they are unique, special, and different from others, often feeling that their experiences and feelings are unlike those of anyone else. This can lead to a sense of invincibility or that the rules don’t apply to them.

18. The rickshaw puller deliberately took Ganiv through a long route so that he can charge her more. Which value is he lacking ?

(A) Punctuality                (B) Honesty                      (C) Regularity                  (D) Courtesy

Ans. (B) Honesty

19. Very often you realise the cloth vendor have measured less cloth. Next time you will catch him if he tries to :

(i) Stretches cloth while measuring

(ii) Uses table to measure the cloth

(iii) Uses measuring rod

(iv) Sells cheap fabric at actual price

Nios Last Year Solved Question Paper Home Science 216 Class 10

Choose the correct option :

(A) (i) and (iv)                 (B) (iii) and (ii)               (C) (i) and (ii)                  (D) (ii) and (iv)

Ans. (C) (i) and (ii) – If the cloth vendor stretches the cloth while measuring or uses the table to measure, these could result in giving less cloth than what is being paid for. Using a measuring rod and selling cheap fabric at actual price would not directly impact the measurement of cloth.

OR

Milk you bring from dairy appears very thin. To check if the milkman is not adding water in it you will :

(i) Pour milk on a plate and tilt it to see if it leaves a trace of milk

(ii) Add HCl in milk sample to see if it becomes blue

(iii) Put on a blotting paper to check the cream

(iv) Keep in tumbler for 10 minutes and check if a ring is formed on the top

Choose the correct option :

(A) (i) and (iv)                 (B) (iii) and (ii)               (C) (i) and (ii)                  (D) (ii) and (iv)

Ans. (A) (i) and (iv)

To check if the milkman is adding water to the milk:

• (i) Pouring milk on a plate and tilting it can reveal if the milk has a watery consistency or leaves a trace, which can indicate added water.
• (iv) Keeping the milk in a tumbler for 10 minutes and checking if a ring forms at the top is another way to see if the milk has been diluted with water, as diluted milk may not form a proper cream layer.

Options (ii) and (iii) refer to tests that are not directly related to detecting water adulteration in milk.

20. Which of the following statements are true or false ? (any 4) 2

(i) White clothes should be soaked overnight.

(ii) Only white coloured clothes should be soaked.

(iii) Soak very dirty clothes separately.

(iv) Too many clothes should not be soaked together.

(v) Cotton clothes are starched to give them whiteness.

Ans. (i) White clothes should be soaked overnight.
True – Soaking white clothes overnight helps remove stains and allows them to become whiter.

(ii) Only white coloured clothes should be soaked.
False – Clothes of all colors can be soaked if needed, depending on the type of stains or washing instructions.

 

(iii) Soak very dirty clothes separately.
True – Very dirty clothes should be soaked separately to prevent the dirt from transferring to cleaner clothes.

 

(iv) Too many clothes should not be soaked together.
True – Soaking too many clothes together can reduce the effectiveness of cleaning and may result in uneven washing.

 

(v) Cotton clothes are starched to give them whiteness.
False – Starched cotton clothes become stiff, but starch does not necessarily make them whiter. Whitening agents are used for that purpose.

 

21. (i) Which of the following option best describes the relationship between the Assertion and Reason? 2

Assertion: Expanding stage of family influences their expenditure.

Reason: Expenses of a family is more if they have school going children.

Choose the correct option :

(A) Both Assertion and Reason are true

(B) Both Assertion and Reason are false

(C) Assertion is correct and Reason is false

(D) Assertion is false and Reason is correct

Ans. (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true – The Assertion is true because the expanding stage of a family, which includes having more members or responsibilities (like children), generally leads to higher expenditures.
The Reason is also true because families with school-going children tend to have more expenses due to educational costs, supplies, and other related needs. Therefore, both statements are correct and aligned with each other.

(ii) Two types of fatigues are __________ and __________.

Ans. Two types of fatigue are physical fatigue and mental fatigue.

• Physical fatigue refers to the tiredness that comes from physical exertion, such as exercise or work that requires physical effort.
• Mental fatigue refers to the exhaustion that results from prolonged mental effort or stress, often from tasks that require concentration or emotional strain.

OR

(i) Which of the following option best describes the relationship between the Assertion and Reason statements given below ?

Assertion: Families should find exact amount of income that will be available to

them for expenditure.

Reason: Gross income of a family differs from its take home pay.

Choose the correct option :

(A) Both Assertion and Reason are true

(B) Both Assertion and Reason are false

(C) Assertion is correct and Reason is false

(D) Assertion is false and Reason is correct

Ans. (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true –

• The Assertion is true because families should calculate the exact amount of disposable income available for expenditure to effectively manage their finances.
• The Reason is also true because the gross income (total earnings before deductions) is different from the take-home pay (income after deductions like taxes, insurance, etc.).
  Both statements are true and logically connected.

 

22. (i) Which of the following option best describes the relationship between the Assertion and Reason statements given below ? 2

Assertion: A pregnant woman should not sit in room where someone is smoking.

Reason: Smoke from cigarette pass into blood stream of the foetus through

placenta and can damage the foetus.

Choose the correct option:

(A) Both Assertion and Reason are true

(B) Both Assertion and Reason are false

(C) Assertion is correct and Reason is false

(D) Assertion is false and Reason is correct

Ans. (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true

• The Assertion is true because a pregnant woman should avoid being in a room where someone is smoking, as exposure to cigarette smoke can harm the health of both the mother and the developing foetus.
• The Reason is also true because the harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke can pass into the mother’s bloodstream and reach the foetus through the placenta, potentially causing developmental damage.
  Both statements are accurate and logically connected.

(ii) During pregnancy the zygote attached itself to the lining of the __________.

Ans. During pregnancy, the zygote attaches itself to the lining of the uterus.

This process, called implantation, occurs when the zygote (now a blastocyst) embeds itself into the uterine lining, where it can receive nutrients and oxygen to grow into an embryo.

23. (i) After graduating in the field of Fabric and Apparel science, Gunita wants to find a job. Make her aware of any two institutions where she should put in her application. 2

Ans. Gunita can consider applying to the following institutions for a job in the field of Fabric and Apparel Science:

1. Apparel Export Promotion Council (AEPC):
   AEPC supports garment exports and offers opportunities in research, design, and production management.
2. National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT):
   NIFT offers positions in academia, research, or administration related to textiles, apparel, and fashion.

These institutions align well with her qualifications and offer promising career opportunities.

OR

(ii) Which two self employment opportunities are available to youth in the field of interior decoration?

Ans. Two self-employment opportunities in the field of interior decoration for youth are:

1. Freelance Interior Designer:
   They can offer personalized design services to clients, focusing on residential, commercial, or office spaces.
2. Interior Decor Business:
   Starting a business that provides custom-made furniture, decorative items, or consultancy services for home and office interiors.

Both options allow creative freedom and the potential to build a successful career.

24. (i) Which of the following statements are true or false ? 2

(a) Boiled food can be made for palatable by adding lemon or spices.

(b) Stewing is done below the boiling point.

(c) Lid should be tightly closed while steaming food.

(d) Solar cooker does not produce any smoke.

Nios Last Year Solved Question Paper Home Science 216 Class 10

Ans. (a) Boiled food can be made more palatable by adding lemon or spices.
True – Adding lemon or spices enhances the flavor of boiled food.

(b) Stewing is done below the boiling point.
True – Stewing involves slow cooking at a temperature below boiling point to tenderize food and enhance flavor.

(c) Lid should be tightly closed while steaming food.
True – A tightly closed lid ensures proper steaming by retaining heat and moisture.

(d) Solar cooker does not produce any smoke.
True – Solar cookers use solar energy and do not produce smoke, making them eco-friendly.

OR

(ii) (a) Which are two fastest cooking method ?

(b) Name two drawbacks of using a solar cooker.

Ans. (a) Two fastest cooking methods:

1. Pressure Cooking: Cooks food quickly by using high-pressure steam.
2. Microwave Cooking: Heats food rapidly using electromagnetic waves.

(b) Two drawbacks of using a solar cooker:

1. Weather Dependent: It cannot be used on cloudy or rainy days.
2. Slower Cooking: Cooking takes longer compared to conventional methods.

 

25. (i) Match the following Column I with that of Column II.                                              2

 

Column I                                           Column II

(I) Blanching                                   (a) Raising the Temperature

(II) Sun drying                               (b) Lowering the Temperature

(III) Freezing                                  (c) Arrest action of Enzymes

(IV) Pasteurisation                       (d) Dehydration

Choose the correct option.

(A) (I)-(b), (II)-(d), (III)-(a), (IV)-(c)

(B) (I)-(a), (II)-(b), (III)-(d), (IV)-(c)

(C) (I)-(c), (II)-(d), (III)-(b), (IV)-(a)

(D) (I)-(c), (II)-(d), (III)-(a), (IV)-(b)

 

Ans. (C) (I)-(c), (II)-(d), (III)-(b), (IV)-(a)

• Blanching (I)-(c): Arrests the action of enzymes by briefly boiling and then cooling.
• Sun drying (II)-(d): Removes moisture through dehydration.
• Freezing (III)-(b): Lowers the temperature to preserve food.
• Pasteurisation (IV)-(a): Raises the temperature to kill bacteria and extend shelf life.

(ii) Two advanatges of roasting method.

Ans. Two advantages of the roasting method:

1. Enhances Flavor: Roasting brings out the natural flavors of food by caramelizing sugars and creating a rich, smoky taste.
2. Retains Nutrients: Roasting uses minimal water, helping to preserve nutrients in food compared to boiling or steaming.

OR

(i) Match the following Column I with that of Column II.

Column I                                                                                        Column II

(Food item)                                                                    (Method of enhancing)

(I) Dosa                                                                          (a) Combination

(II) Dhokla                                                                     (b) Combination and Fermentation

(III) Sprouted moong dal chaat                              (c) Fermentation

(IV) Wheat besan ladoo                                            (d) Germination

Choose the correct option.

(A) (I)-(b), (II)-(d), (III)-(a), (IV)-(c)

(B) (I)-(a), (II)-(b), (III)-(d), (IV)-(c)

(C) (I)-(c), (II)-(b), (III)-(d), (IV)-(a)

(D) (I)-(c), (II)-(d), (III)-(a), (IV)-(b)

Nios Last Year Solved Question Paper Home Science 216 Class 10

Ans. (C) (I)-(c), (II)-(b), (III)-(d), (IV)-(a)

• Dosa (I)-(c): Enhanced through fermentation to improve texture and flavor.
• Dhokla (II)-(b): Enhanced through a combination of fermentation and steaming.
• Sprouted moong dal chaat (III)-(d): Enhanced through germination, which increases nutrient availability.
• Wheat besan ladoo (IV)-(a): Enhanced through a combination of ingredients for better taste and texture.

(ii) Two drawbacks of deep frying method.

Ans. Two Drawbacks of Deep Frying Method:

1. High Calorie Content:
   • Explanation: Deep frying involves submerging food in hot oil, which leads to the absorption of a significant amount of oil. This increases the calorie content of the food, making it less healthy and potentially contributing to weight gain and other health issues such as heart disease when consumed in excess.
2. Nutrient Loss:
   • Explanation: The high temperatures involved in deep frying can lead to the breakdown of essential nutrients, such as vitamins and antioxidants, especially in vegetables and fruits. This reduces the nutritional value of the food, making it less beneficial for health compared to other cooking methods like steaming or baking.

 

26. (i) Match the following Column I and Column II. 2

Column I                                                                                       Column II

(Communicable disease)                                                           (Incubation period)

(I) Tuberculosis                                                                          (a) 1 – 3 days

(II) Pertussis                                                                                (b) 4 – 6 days

(III) Influenza                                                                              (c) 20 – 35 days

(IV) Hepatitis                                                                               (d) 7 – 12 days

Choose the correct option.

(A) (I)-(b), (II)-(d), (III)-(a), (IV)-(c)

(B) (I)-(a), (II)-(b), (III)-(d), (IV)-(c)

(C) (I)-(d), (II)-(c), (III)-(a), (IV)-(b)

(D) (I)-(c), (II)-(d), (III)-(a), (IV)-(b)

Ans. (A) (I)-(b), (II)-(d), (III)-(a), (IV)-(c)

• Tuberculosis (I)-(b): The incubation period for tuberculosis is typically 4 – 6 weeks.
• Pertussis (II)-(d): The incubation period for pertussis is usually 7 – 12 days.
• Influenza (III)-(a): The incubation period for influenza is typically 1 – 3 days.
• Hepatitis (IV)-(c): The incubation period for hepatitis ranges from 20 – 35 days.

 

(ii) Fill in the blanks :

To make ORS at home, mix __________ and __________ to 1 litre clean drinking water.

Ans. To make ORS at home, mix 6 teaspoons of sugar and half a teaspoon of salt to 1 litre of clean drinking water. This mixture helps in rehydrating the body by replacing lost fluids and electrolytes, especially in cases of dehydration due to diarrhea or vomiting.

27. (i) Which of the following option best describes the relationship between the Assertion and Reason statements ? 2

Assertion: Sulabh sauchalaya are environment friendly.

Reason: Sulabh sauchalaya need only 1.5 to 2 litres water for flushing.

Choose the correct option.

(A) Both Assertion and Reason are true

(B) Both Assertion and Reason are false

(C) Assertion is correct and Reason is false

(D) Assertion is false and Reason is correct

Ans. (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true

• Assertion: Sulabh Sauchalayas are environment-friendly because they use technology that minimizes the use of water and energy.
• Reason: Sulabh Sauchalayas require only 1.5 to 2 liters of water for flushing, which is much less than conventional toilets, making them more water-efficient and environmentally friendly.

 

(ii) State whether the following statements are true or false?

(a) Soakage pits should be 1 meter deep and 2 meters wide.

(b) Rocky surface is good for foundation but does not absorb water.

Ans. (a) Soakage pits should be 1 meter deep and 2 meters wide.
False – Soakage pits should typically be around 1.5 to 3 meters deep and at least 1 meter wide, depending on the area and water flow. The specified measurements in the statement are not standard.

(b) Rocky surface is good for foundation but does not absorb water.
True – Rocky surfaces are strong and stable, making them ideal for foundations. However, they do not absorb water well, which is why proper drainage systems are needed.

Nios Last Year Solved Question Paper Home Science 216 Class 10

28. Which of the two statements indicate children showing disrespect to their elders? 2

(i) Greet everyone

(ii) Leave home without telling anyone in the house

(iii) Introduce their friends to other family members

(iv) Talk in loud voice

Choose the correct option :

(A) (i) and (ii)                  (B) (iii) and (iv)                             (C) (i) and (iii)                 (D) (ii) and (iv)

Ans. (D) (ii) and (iv)

The two statements that indicate children showing disrespect to their elders are:

(ii) Leave home without telling anyone in the house

• This behavior can be seen as disrespectful because it shows a lack of consideration for others and neglects the practice of informing elders about their whereabouts.

(iv) Talk in loud voice

• Speaking in a loud voice, especially in the presence of elders, can be considered disrespectful as it may disrupt the atmosphere and show a lack of regard for others’ comfort.

29. (i) Your uncle wants to give following finishes (Column-I) to the cotton fabrics in his mill. Help him choose the appropriate chemical/equipment (Column-II) for this.

Match the following Column-I and Column-II :

Column-I                                                          Column-II

(I) Mercerization                                          (a) Hot rollers

(II) Parchmentization                                 (b) Sodium hypochlorite

(III) Calendering                                           (c) Sodium hydroxide

(IV) Bleaching                                               (d) Mild acid

Choose the correct option.

(A) (I)-(c), (II)-(d), (III)-(a), (IV)-(b)

(B) (I)-(a), (II)-(b), (III)-(c), (IV)-(d)

(C) (I)-(b), (II)-(a), (III)-(d), (IV)-(c)

(D) (I)-(d), (II)-(c), (III)-(b), (IV)-(a)

Ans. (A) (I)-(c), (II)-(d), (III)-(a), (IV)-(b)

• Mercerization (I)-(c): Mercerization is a treatment process where cotton is soaked in a solution of sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), which increases its strength and luster.
• Parchmentization (II)-(d): Parchmentization is done by treating cotton with a mild acid, resulting in a semi-transparent, stiff finish.
• Calendering (III)-(a): Calendering involves passing the fabric through hot rollers to give it a smooth and glossy finish.
• Bleaching (IV)-(b): Bleaching is done using sodium hypochlorite, which helps in whitening and removing impurities from the fabric.

(ii) Rearrange the correct sequence of starching clothes.

(a) Wring excess water and dry in sun

(b) Wet the shirt

(c) Dissolve starch in water

(d) Dip shirt in starch water and stir

 

Choose the correct option.

(A) (b), (d), (a), (c)

(B) (c), (b), (d), (a)

(C) (c), (d), (b), (a)

(D) (d), (b), (a), (c)

Ans. (B) (c), (b), (d), (a)

1. (c) Dissolve starch in water: First, dissolve the starch in water to prepare the starch solution.
2. (b) Wet the shirt: Wet the shirt in water before dipping it into the starch solution.
3. (d) Dip shirt in starch water and stir: Dip the shirt into the starch water and stir to ensure it is evenly coated.
4. (a) Wring excess water and dry in sun: Wring out the excess water from the shirt and dry it in the sun.

5. (i) Which of the following option best describes the relationship between the Assertion and Reason statements given below ?

Assertion: We should clean only one shelf of a cupboard at one time.

Reason: Breaking task into small activities can help save energy.

Choose the correct option :

(A) Both Assertion and Reason are true

(B) Both Assertion and Reason are false

(C) Assertion is correct and Reason is false

(D) Assertion is false and Reason is correct

Ans. (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true

• Assertion: “We should clean only one shelf of a cupboard at one time” – This is a good practice because it helps avoid overwhelming oneself and makes the task more manageable.
• Reason: “Breaking tasks into small activities can help save energy” – This is true because breaking a large task into smaller, more manageable tasks helps conserve energy and reduces stress.

(ii) Other than salary, identify any two sources of family income.

Ans. Two sources of family income other than salary are:

1. Business income – Income generated from running a business or self-employment, such as profits from a shop, consultancy, or freelance work.
2. Rental income – Earnings from renting out property or assets, such as apartments, houses, or commercial spaces.

 

31. Which of the following statements are true or false ? (Any 4) 2

(i) Empowering adolescents with critical thinking skills can reduce the negative impact of media.

(ii) Actors and models influence youth of their idea of a perfect body shape.

(iii) Obsessive weight training is good for health.

(iv) Adolescents should maintain dignity in their relationships.

(v) Adolescents want to use the same language and clothes as their peers.

Ans. (i) Empowering adolescents with critical thinking skills can reduce the negative impact of media.
True – Critical thinking skills help adolescents analyze media content and make informed decisions, reducing the impact of harmful messages.

(ii) Actors and models influence youth of their idea of a perfect body shape.
True – Media often portray idealized body images, and young people may feel pressured to conform to these unrealistic standards.

(iii) Obsessive weight training is good for health.
False – Obsessive weight training can lead to injuries, muscle strain, and other health issues. A balanced exercise routine is recommended for good health.

(iv) Adolescents should maintain dignity in their relationships.
True – Maintaining dignity in relationships is important for healthy communication, respect, and emotional well-being.

(v) Adolescents want to use the same language and clothes as their peers.
True – Adolescents often seek to fit in with their peer group, and adopting similar language and fashion is one way they express their identity and social belonging.

SECTION – B

32. Give two advantages of including germinated foods in the meals. 2

Ans. Two advantages of including germinated foods in meals are:

1. Improved Nutrient Availability: Germination increases the bioavailability of nutrients, making vitamins (such as Vitamin C and B vitamins) and minerals (such as iron and zinc) more easily absorbed by the body.
2. Enhanced Digestibility: Germination reduces the levels of anti-nutrients, such as phytic acid, which can interfere with nutrient absorption, making the food easier to digest and more nutritious.

OR

Give two reasons for including combination foods in our meals.

Ans. Two reasons for including combination foods in meals are:

1. Balanced Nutrition: Combination foods, such as rice and lentils or bread and vegetables, provide a variety of nutrients that complement each other, ensuring a more balanced intake of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.
2. Improved Protein Quality: When different plant-based foods are combined (like legumes with grains), they can provide a complete protein profile, containing all essential amino acids, which may be lacking in individual food items.

4. Suggest any four ways to conserve nutrients while cooking Carrots and Potatoes. 2

Ans. Here are four ways to conserve nutrients while cooking carrots and potatoes:

1. Avoid Overcooking: Overcooking can lead to the loss of essential vitamins, especially vitamin C. Cook carrots and potatoes just enough to retain their nutrients and texture.
2. Use Steaming: Steaming is a gentler cooking method that helps preserve water-soluble vitamins like vitamin C and B vitamins compared to boiling, which can cause nutrients to leach into the water.
3. Cook with Skins: Keeping the skins on carrots and potatoes can help retain fiber and certain nutrients that are lost when peeled.
4. Limit Water Use: If boiling, use a small amount of water and cook with the lid on to reduce nutrient loss. Alternatively, use the leftover water in soups or gravies, as it contains dissolved nutrients.

OR

Which four precautions should be taken to save nutrients while cooking green leafy vegetables ?

Ans. To save nutrients while cooking green leafy vegetables, the following four precautions should be taken:

1. Avoid Overcooking: Overcooking can cause the loss of essential vitamins, especially vitamin C and folate. Cook the vegetables only for a short time until they are tender but still vibrant.
2. Use Minimal Water: Use as little water as possible to reduce the leaching of water-soluble vitamins. If you must use water, try to retain it by using it in soups or sauces.
3. Cook with a Lid: When cooking green leafy vegetables, cover the pot with a lid. This helps retain nutrients and prevents the loss of volatile nutrients like vitamins that can evaporate with steam.
4. Prefer Steaming or Stir-frying: These methods help preserve more nutrients compared to boiling. Steaming retains most of the vitamins, while stir-frying uses less water and preserves the texture and nutrients better.

 

34. Identify any four ways people are responsible for causing noise pollution. 2

Ans. Four ways people are responsible for causing noise pollution are:

1. Vehicle Traffic: The use of cars, buses, trucks, and motorcycles generates significant noise, especially in densely populated areas, contributing to urban noise pollution.
2. Construction Activities: Building sites with machinery such as drills, bulldozers, and cranes create loud noises that disturb the surrounding environment.
3. Industrial Operations: Factories and manufacturing plants often operate with heavy machinery that produces continuous noise, contributing to noise pollution in nearby areas.
4. Loud Music and Public Events: Playing loud music in homes, vehicles, or at public events can create high noise levels, affecting nearby residents and disturbing the peace.

OR

What are four possible reasons for increase in polluted air in our cities ?

Ans. Four possible reasons for the increase in polluted air in our cities are:

1. Vehicle Emissions: The growing number of vehicles on the road, especially those running on fossil fuels, release harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, significantly contributing to air pollution.
2. Industrial Emissions: Factories and industrial plants release pollutants like sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter into the air, especially when they burn fossil fuels for energy.
3. Construction Activities: Construction sites generate dust and particulate matter, and the use of heavy machinery adds to air pollution, especially in densely populated urban areas.
4. Burning of Waste: Open burning of waste, including plastics and other non-biodegradable materials, releases toxic gases like dioxins and furans, contributing to the worsening of air quality in cities.

5. Write any four precautions you will adopt while washing woollens at home. 2

Ans. Here are four precautions to adopt while washing woollens at home:

1. Use Cold Water: Always wash woollens in cold or lukewarm water to prevent them from shrinking or losing their shape. Hot water can cause wool fibers to shrink and become misshapen.
2. Use Mild Detergents: Choose a mild, wool-specific detergent that is gentle on the fibers. Avoid harsh detergents or bleach, as they can damage the wool.
3. Gentle Hand Wash or Use a Wool Cycle: If washing by hand, gently agitate the woollen items without wringing or twisting them. Alternatively, use a washing machine’s wool or delicate cycle, which uses slower spin speeds to prevent damage.

4. Dry Flat: After washing, avoid hanging woollens, as this can cause them to stretch out of shape. Lay them flat on a clean, dry towel to air-dry, reshaping them if necessary. Avoid direct sunlight or heat sources like radiators.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            36.List any four household activities that are done every day. 2

Ans. Four household activities that are done every day are:

1. Cleaning (Dusting and Sweeping): Regular cleaning of floors, furniture, and surfaces to maintain hygiene and cleanliness in the home.
2. Cooking: Preparing meals for the family is a daily task to ensure proper nutrition and sustenance.
3. Washing Dishes: Cleaning utensils and cooking tools after meals to maintain a clean kitchen.
4. Laundry: Washing clothes, towels, and other fabrics used daily to keep them fresh and clean.

OR

List the four functions of a home.

Ans. The four functions of a home are:

1. Providing Shelter: A home provides a safe and secure environment that protects individuals from weather conditions and external threats.
2. Offering Comfort and Rest: It serves as a place for relaxation, rest, and sleep, allowing individuals to rejuvenate and maintain physical and mental health.
3. Supporting Family Bonding: A home is a space for family members to spend quality time together, build relationships, and support each other emotionally.
4. Ensuring Privacy: A home provides personal space and privacy, allowing individuals to engage in personal activities, maintain their dignity, and have control over their surroundings.

 

37. Explain the terms ‘Peak load’ and ‘Dovetailing’ with the help of one example each. 2

Ans. Definition: Peak load refers to the maximum amount of energy or demand for a particular resource, such as electricity or water, at any given time. It represents the highest demand in a day or over a longer period.

Example: During hot summer afternoons, the demand for electricity peaks as many people use air conditioners. The highest usage during this time is considered the peak load, and it requires the energy system to have enough capacity to handle such spikes in demand.

38. An as ICDS worker, encourage the pregnant women by telling four reasons to regularly go for medical check up. 2

Ans. As an ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services) worker, here are four reasons you can encourage pregnant women to regularly go for medical check-ups:

1. Monitoring the Health of the Mother and Baby: Regular check-ups help ensure that both the mother and baby are healthy. The doctor can monitor the baby’s growth and detect any potential complications early, which allows for timely intervention.
2. Early Detection of Complications: Routine visits help in identifying issues like high blood pressure, diabetes, or infections that could affect the pregnancy. Early treatment can prevent serious health problems for both mother and child.
3. Proper Nutritional Guidance: Medical check-ups provide an opportunity for the healthcare provider to give personalized advice on proper nutrition, supplements (like iron and folic acid), and other health practices that are essential during pregnancy.
4. Vaccination and Preventive Care: Regular check-ups ensure that necessary vaccinations are given to prevent diseases like tetanus, which can be harmful during pregnancy. It also helps in preventing pregnancy-related complications through preventive measures.

OR

An as Asha worker make the women aware of four signs that would confirm their pregnancy.

Ans. As an ASHA worker, you can make women aware of the following four signs that can confirm pregnancy:

1. Missed Period: One of the most common early signs of pregnancy is a missed menstrual period, especially for women with regular cycles. If the period is delayed or absent, it may indicate pregnancy.
2. Morning Sickness (Nausea and Vomiting): Many women experience nausea or vomiting, particularly in the early stages of pregnancy. This is often called “morning sickness,” though it can occur at any time of day.
3. Increased Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or fatigued, even after adequate rest, is a common sign of pregnancy due to hormonal changes in the body.
4. Frequent Urination: Pregnant women often feel the need to urinate more frequently, especially in the early stages of pregnancy, as the growing uterus puts pressure on the bladder.

These signs, along with a home pregnancy test or consultation with a healthcare provider, can help confirm pregnancy.

 

39. What could be four consequences of not practising values in society ? 2

Ans. Not practicing values in society can lead to several negative consequences, such as:

1. Breakdown of Social Harmony: When individuals do not adhere to values like respect, honesty, and kindness, it can lead to conflict, misunderstandings, and division within communities, disrupting social cohesion.
2. Increased Crime and Unethical Behavior: Lack of values such as integrity and accountability can result in dishonesty, corruption, and even criminal activities, as people may act in their self-interest without regard for the well-being of others.
3. Erosion of Trust: A society where values like trust and empathy are not upheld leads to distrust among individuals, making cooperation and mutual support difficult. This undermines relationships both in personal and professional spheres.
4. Negative Impact on Future Generations: When values are not passed down or practiced, the younger generation may grow up without understanding the importance of ethics, responsibility, and respect, resulting in a society that struggles with moral and social issues.

40. Mr. Gupta wants to file a case against a manufacturer. What two documents would he need to submit with his complaint ? 2

Ans. Mr. Gupta would typically need to submit the following two documents with his complaint against a manufacturer:

1. Copy of the Purchase Receipt or Bill: This document serves as proof of the transaction between Mr. Gupta and the manufacturer. It helps establish that the product was purchased and provides details such as the date of purchase, price, and the manufacturer’s details.
2. Product Warranty or Guarantee Document: If the product is under warranty or guarantee, this document should be submitted as evidence. It will support his claim if the product has failed to meet the expected standards or is defective within the warranty period.

These documents will help establish the legitimacy of the complaint and support the case during legal proceedings.

 

41. Sonali is not able to meet her monthly expenses in her present income. Suggest her any four ways she can cut down her expenses. 2

Ans. Sonali can consider the following four ways to cut down her monthly expenses:

1. Create a Budget: By tracking her income and expenses, Sonali can identify areas where she is overspending and prioritize essential expenses. This will help her control unnecessary costs and allocate funds more effectively.
2. Reduce Dining Out: Sonali can minimize eating out and try cooking at home more often. Preparing meals at home is typically more cost-effective than dining out, which can significantly reduce food expenses.
3. Limit Non-Essential Purchases: Cutting back on impulse buys, such as shopping for clothes, gadgets, or entertainment, can help Sonali save money. She can focus on purchasing only the necessities.
4. Lower Utility Bills: Sonali can make small adjustments like turning off lights when not in use, reducing water consumption, and using energy-efficient appliances to lower electricity and water bills, contributing to overall savings.

 

42. Apart from soap and water, what materials are used for washing tiles, plastic buckets and metal taps in the bathroom? 3

Ans. Apart from soap and water, the following materials can be used for washing tiles, plastic buckets, and metal taps in the bathroom:

1. Vinegar: It is a natural cleaning agent that helps remove soap scum, stains, and mineral deposits on tiles, plastic buckets, and metal taps. It also works well as a deodorizer.
2. Baking Soda: This is an effective abrasive that can be used to scrub surfaces like tiles, plastic, and metal taps, removing dirt, grime, and stains. It is also non-toxic and gentle on surfaces.
3. Lemon Juice: Lemon juice has natural acidic properties that help in removing stains, soap scum, and mineral deposits from tiles and taps. It also works as a disinfectant.
4. Toothpaste: It can be used to clean metal taps and remove water stains or build-up, as it has a mild abrasive effect.
5. Commercial Bathroom Cleaners: These are specifically formulated to remove grime, mold, and mildew, and often contain ingredients like bleach or hydrogen peroxide to sanitize and disinfect bathroom surfaces.

Using these materials helps to maintain cleanliness while also tackling tough stains and grime buildup effectively.

43. How will you prepare orange squash from one litre orange juice? 3

Ans. To prepare orange squash from 1 liter of orange juice, follow these steps:

Ingredients:

• 1 liter of fresh orange juice
• 300-400 grams of sugar (adjust based on sweetness preference)
• 1/2 teaspoon citric acid (optional, for tartness)
• 1/2 teaspoon potassium metabisulfite (optional, as a preservative for longer shelf life)

Method:

1. Boil Water: Start by boiling 250-300 ml of water in a saucepan. This will be used to dissolve the sugar.
2. Dissolve Sugar: Add the sugar to the boiling water and stir until it completely dissolves. Once dissolved, remove the syrup from the heat and let it cool down.
3. Mix Orange Juice: In a clean mixing bowl, combine the cooled sugar syrup with the 1 liter of fresh orange juice.
4. Add Citric Acid: If desired, add citric acid to the mixture to enhance the tanginess and preserve the squash. Stir well to dissolve.
5. Optional – Add Preservative: If you want to store the orange squash for a longer period, add potassium metabisulfite as a preservative (this step is optional and mainly for commercial use). Stir well.
6. Strain and Bottle: Strain the squash mixture through a fine sieve or muslin cloth to remove any pulp, then pour it into sterilized bottles.
7. Seal and Store: Seal the bottles tightly and store them in a cool, dark place. Once opened, store in the refrigerator.

Serving:

• To serve, dilute the orange squash with water to your taste. You can also add ice cubes for a refreshing drink.

This homemade orange squash can be a refreshing drink during hot days, and it should last for a few weeks if stored properly.

OR

Guide your sister regarding the steps to be followed to freeze one kg peas at home.

Ans. To freeze one kg of peas at home, your sister can follow these steps:

1. Prepare the peas: Shell the peas from their pods and discard the pods.
2. Blanch the peas: Boil water in a large pot. Once the water is boiling, add the peas and let them cook for about 2 minutes. This process helps preserve their color, flavor, and nutrients.
3. Cool quickly: After blanching, immediately transfer the peas into a bowl of ice-cold water to stop the cooking process. Let them sit in the cold water for about 5 minutes.
4. Drain and dry: Drain the peas well and pat them dry with a clean kitchen towel to remove excess water.
5. Pack and freeze: Place the peas in freezer-safe bags or containers. Press out any air from the bags and seal them tightly. Label the bags with the date.
6. Freeze: Put the packed peas in the freezer. They will stay fresh for several months.

 

44. Which are the three unnecessary household activities that make the home makers tired? 3

Suggest them one alternative each to improve these.

Ans. Three unnecessary household activities that can make homemakers tired are:

1. Excessive cleaning: Cleaning every corner and surface frequently can be exhausting.
   • Alternative: Create a cleaning schedule, focusing on deep cleaning once a week and maintaining tidiness daily to minimize excessive effort.
2. Over-cooking or making too many dishes: Cooking multiple dishes for each meal can be tiring.
   • Alternative: Plan meals in advance, focusing on simpler, nutritious one-pot dishes or batch cooking to save time and energy.
3. Ironing every item of clothing: Ironing clothes unnecessarily can be time-consuming.
   • Alternative: Use wrinkle-free fabrics or steam the clothes instead of ironing each piece. Iron in batches to reduce time spent.

By adopting these alternatives, homemakers can reduce unnecessary fatigue and manage their tasks more efficiently.

45. Make the villagers aware of ill effects of air pollution on their health. Suggest them four ways to control this pollution. 3

Ans. To make the villagers aware of the ill effects of air pollution on their health, you can explain the following:

Ill Effects of Air Pollution on Health:

1. Respiratory Problems: Air pollution can cause or worsen asthma, bronchitis, and other respiratory conditions.
2. Heart Disease: Long-term exposure to polluted air can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
3. Premature Deaths: Chronic exposure to air pollution may shorten lifespan due to its harmful effects on vital organs.
4. Weak Immune System: Polluted air can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections.

Four Ways to Control Air Pollution:

1. Reduce Crop Burning: Encourage villagers to avoid the practice of burning crop residues, as it releases harmful smoke into the air. Instead, adopt alternative methods like composting or using bio-degradable options.
2. Promote the Use of Clean Fuels: Suggest using clean cooking fuels, such as LPG or natural gas, instead of burning wood or coal, which contribute to air pollution.
3. Plant Trees: Encourage the villagers to plant more trees in the community. Trees act as natural air purifiers by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.
4. Encourage Proper Waste Disposal: Advocate for proper waste disposal methods, such as composting or using waste-to-energy techniques, to reduce burning of waste and prevent air pollution.

By implementing these practices, villagers can help control air pollution and protect their health.

OR

Make your friends aware of ill effects of water pollution on their health. Suggest them four ways to control this pollution.

Ans. Ill Effects of Water Pollution on Health:

1. Waterborne Diseases: Contaminated water can lead to diseases like cholera, dysentery, and typhoid, which affect the digestive system and can be fatal if untreated.
2. Chemical Poisoning: Polluted water may contain harmful chemicals like pesticides, heavy metals, and industrial waste, which can lead to poisoning, skin diseases, or organ damage.
3. Reproductive Issues: Some pollutants in water can disrupt hormonal systems, leading to reproductive problems and developmental issues in children.
4. Weak Immunity and Malnutrition: Contaminated water can weaken the immune system and cause malnutrition, especially if it’s the primary source of drinking water.

Four Ways to Control Water Pollution:

1. Proper Disposal of Waste: Avoid dumping waste, chemicals, and plastics into rivers, lakes, or oceans. Ensure that industrial waste is treated before being discharged into water bodies.
2. Use of Eco-friendly Products: Encourage the use of biodegradable detergents and cleaning products to prevent harmful chemicals from entering water systems.
3. Wastewater Treatment: Advocate for the installation of proper wastewater treatment plants in communities and industries to filter out harmful substances before releasing water back into the environment.
4. Awareness and Education: Educate people about the importance of keeping water sources clean and the harmful effects of water pollution. Organize community cleanup drives to remove trash from nearby rivers, lakes, and beaches.

By following these practices, we can help reduce water pollution and protect both the environment and public health.

46. Suggest any five ways to develop self esteem in adolescents.                5

Ans. Here are five ways to develop self-esteem in adolescents:

1. Encourage Positive Self-Talk: Teach adolescents to replace negative thoughts with positive affirmations. Encourage them to focus on their strengths and accomplishments rather than their weaknesses.
2. Set Realistic Goals: Help them set achievable goals and celebrate small successes. Accomplishing even minor tasks can build confidence and a sense of accomplishment.
3. Promote Healthy Relationships: Encourage healthy friendships and relationships with peers and family. Positive social connections can help build a sense of belonging and self-worth.
4. Provide Opportunities for Independence: Give adolescents opportunities to make decisions and take responsibility. Allowing them to manage their time and tasks boosts their confidence in their abilities.
5. Offer Praise and Encouragement: Recognize and appreciate their efforts, even if they don’t always succeed. Positive reinforcement helps adolescents feel valued and motivates them to keep trying.

By nurturing these aspects, adolescents can develop a strong sense of self-esteem and confidence.

OR

List any five physical changes that occur during adolescence.

Ans. Here are five physical changes that occur during adolescence:

1. Growth Spurt: Adolescents experience a rapid increase in height and weight, with the body growing at an accelerated rate, especially during puberty.
2. Development of Secondary Sexual Characteristics: For girls, this includes breast development and the onset of menstruation. For boys, it includes the enlargement of the testes and the growth of facial and body hair.
3. Changes in Body Composition: There is an increase in muscle mass for boys and a higher percentage of body fat for girls. This shift in body composition contributes to the differences in physical appearance between males and females.
4. Changes in Voice: In boys, the voice deepens as the larynx grows, and vocal cords become longer and thicker. Girls also experience a slight change in their voice pitch.
5. Skin and Hair Changes: The skin becomes oilier due to increased production of sebaceous glands, often leading to acne. Hair texture and distribution also change, with more body and facial hair in boys, and the growth of pubic and underarm hair in both genders.

These changes are part of the natural process of growing into adulthood.

 

47. Garvita spoilt her new woollen sweater when she washed it for the first time. Which five possible mistakes she may have committed? 5

Ans. Garvita may have made the following five possible mistakes when washing her new woollen sweater:

1. Washing with Hot Water: Wool is sensitive to high temperatures, and using hot water can cause it to shrink or lose its shape. Wool should be washed with cool or lukewarm water.
2. Using Harsh Detergents: Regular detergents or harsh chemicals can damage wool fibers. Wool requires a mild detergent specifically formulated for delicate fabrics.
3. Rubbing or Scrubbing: Vigorous rubbing or scrubbing can cause wool to felt or lose its softness. Wool should be gently handled to avoid damaging the fibers.
4. Wringing the Sweater: Wringing or twisting the woolen sweater to remove excess water can distort its shape and cause it to stretch out. Instead, gently press the water out or roll it in a towel.
5. Drying in Direct Sunlight or on a Heater: Direct heat can cause wool to shrink, fade, or become brittle. Wool sweaters should be laid flat to dry in a shaded area or on a drying rack to retain their shape and texture.

By avoiding these mistakes, Garvita could have preserved the quality of her woollen sweater.

OR

It is very common for clothes to get damaged while removing stains. What five precautions should you adopt while removing stains from expensive garments?

Ans. When removing stains from expensive garments, it is important to take extra care to avoid damage. Here are five precautions to adopt:

1. Test on a Small Area First: Before applying any stain remover or cleaning agent to the entire stain, test it on a small, inconspicuous area of the garment to ensure it does not cause discoloration or damage.
2. Use Gentle Stain Removers: Avoid harsh chemicals or bleach that can weaken the fabric. Use stain removers that are specifically designed for delicate fabrics or those recommended for the fabric type of the garment.
3. Avoid Scrubbing or Rubbing Aggressively: Scrubbing too hard can damage the fibers of expensive fabrics. Gently blot or dab the stained area with a soft cloth or sponge to lift the stain without causing any abrasion.
4. Follow the Care Label Instructions: Always refer to the care label of the garment to understand the fabric’s requirements for cleaning and stain removal. Some fabrics may require dry cleaning or special treatment.
5. Act Quickly: The sooner you treat a stain, the easier it is to remove. However, make sure not to rub or scrub the stain immediately, as this may push the stain deeper into the fabric. Blot gently, and then proceed with the appropriate stain removal method.

By following these precautions, you can help preserve the integrity of expensive garments while removing stains effectively.

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